SPM

Simultaneously assessing amplitude and temporal effects in biomechanical trajectories using nonlinear registration and statistical nonparametric mapping

Biomechanical trajectories generally embody amplitude and temporal effects, but these effects are often analyzed separately. Here we demonstrate how amplitude–phase separation techniques from the statistics literature can be used to simultaneously …

Identifying joint-specific gait mechanisms causing impaired gait in alkaptonuria patients

Alkaptonuria is a rare genetic disease that leads to structural joint damage and impaired movement function. Previous research indicates that alkaptonuria affects gait, however the detailed mechanisms are unknown. Research question: What are the …

Sample size estimation for biomechanical waveforms: Current practice, recommendations and a comparison to discrete power analysis

Testing a prediction is fundamental to scientific experiments. Where biomechanical experiments involve analysis of 1-Dimensional (waveform) data, sample size estimation should consider both 1D variance and hypothesised 1D effects. This study …

Prescribing joint co-ordinates during model preparation in OpenSim improves lower limb unplanned sidestepping kinematics

Objectives - Investigate how prescribing participant-specific joint co-ordinates during model preparation influences the measurement agreement of inverse kinematic (IK) derived unplanned sidestepping (UnSS) lower limb kinematics in OpenSim in …

A kinematic comparison of gait with a backpack versus a trolley for load carriage in children

The use of a school trolley is reaching and even surpassing the use of backpacks in many countries, although a recommended load has not been studied. To accomplish this, 3D gait kinematics of the lower limbs and thorax were analysed in 49 students …

On the validity of statistical parametric mapping for nonuniformly and heterogeneously smooth one-dimensional biomechanical data

Nonuniform (non-constant) temporal smoothness can arise in biomechanical processes like impacts, and heterogeneous smoothness (unequal smoothness across observations) can arise in mechanically diverse comparisons such as padded vs. unpadded impacts, …

Is knee neuromuscular activity related to anterior cruciate ligament injury risk? A pilot study

Background: There is limited evidence on neuromuscular risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, with most work mainly focusing on hamstrings and quadriceps muscle strength. This prospective pilot study explored if neuromuscular …

A force profile analysis comparison between functional data analysis, statistical parametric mapping and statistical non-parametric mapping in on-water single sculling

Objectives: To examine whether the Functional Data Analysis (FDA), Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Statistical non-Parametric Mapping (SnPM) hypothesis testing techniques differ in their ability to draw inferences in the context of a single, …

A simple method of equine limb force vector analysis and its potential applications

Background. Ground reaction forces (GRF) measured during equine gait analysis are typically evaluated by analyzing discrete values obtained from continuous forcetime data for the vertical, longitudinal and transverse GRF components. This paper …

A computational framework for estimating statistical power and planning hypothesis-driven experiments involving one-dimensional biomechanical continua

Statistical power assessment is an important component of hypothesis-driven research but until relatively recently (mid-1990s) no methods were available for assessing power in experiments involving continuum data and in particular those involving …